Sure, you can't charge below 0. I actually tried that before (see video below), and we're doing tests on this in the lab also on Sodium Ion and others. It's however pretty trivial to create an insulated box with a small thermostatically driven polyimide heater coupled to a spreader. I did a calculation on this before:
- Assume a battery box, roughly 0.9 meter by 0.5 meter by 0.4 meter.
- This should give space for 10cm of insulation all around
- Total surface area of the box = 2m²
- Assume insulation, PIR, U value 0.19W/m²K
Total heat loss for the box per K = 0.38W
Assume -20C outside, battery 5C --> delta of 25C. Heating needed to keep the temperature = 25*0.38 = 9.5W.